The simulation approach is focussed on the open-loop frequency response performance of the op-amp. A design case study is included which utilises the g m /I D ratio design approach to determine the transistor sizes. The discussion will focus on the design of the op-amp using different compensation schemes incorporating negative Miller compensation and designed to operate at lower power supply voltage levels. In this chapter, the design of the operational amplifier (op-amp) is discussed as an important circuit within the front-end circuitry of a mixed-signal IC.
The demands on the design require a multitude of requirements to be taken into account. Despite the fact that a large portion of the circuitry may be developed and implemented using digital logic techniques, there is still a need for high performance analogue circuits such as amplifiers and filters that provide signal conditioning functionality prior to sampling into the digital domain using an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) for analogue sensor signals.
Typical functions include sensor signal input, data storage, digital signal processing (DSP) operations, system control and communications.
Today, digital circuit cores provide the main circuit implementation approach for integrated circuit (IC) functions in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits and systems.
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